The diesel engine also known as a compression-ignition engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber. The spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine gasoline engine or gas engine using a gaseous fuel , which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. The engine and thermodynamic cycle were both developed by Rudolf Diesel in 1897.
The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency of any internal or external combustion engine due to very high compression ratio and burns which enables heat dissipation by the excess air. A small efficiency loss is also avoided as compared to two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburnt fuel is not present at valve overlap and no fuel goes directly from the intake/injection to the exhaust. Low-speed diesel engines used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%.
Diesel engines manufactured in two-stroke and four-stroke. They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since after 1910s they have been used in submarines and ships. Use in locomotives, trucks, heavy equipment and electricity generation plants followed later. The world's largest diesel engine is currently a Wartsila-Sulzer RTA96-C Common Rail marine diesel of about 84.42 MW (113,210 hp) at 102 rpm output.
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