Branches of Mechanics:
Mechanics:
Mechanics is a branch of physics which deals with the study of the forces which act on a body and keep it in equilibrium (objects or bodies at rest) or in motion. It is one of the largest subjects in science and technology.
Mechanics is divided into three branches:
Statics:
Statics is a branch of physics (mechanics) which concerned with equilibrium state of bodies under the action of forces. When a system of bodies is in static equilibrium, the system is either at rest, or moving at constant velocity through its center of mass.
Statics is the study of the balance of forces needed to keep a body in equilibrium. A practical application is in architectural engineering, in which it is necessary to calculate all stresses to which load-bearing supports will be subjected.
Statics is the study of the balance of forces needed to keep a body in equilibrium. A practical application is in architectural engineering, in which it is necessary to calculate all stresses to which load-bearing supports will be subjected.
Dynamics:
Dynamics is the study of motion and the forces that produce it. Dynamics is sometimes divided into kinetics and kinematics. Kinetics deals with the effects of forces, such as gravity or electromagnetic force, on the motion of matter. Kinematics studies motion, but ignores the forces that produce it. Studies of velocity and acceleration are parts of kinematics. An important practical application of dynamics is in mechanical engineering, which is concerned with the design and construction of machinery.
Kinematics:
It is the branch of classical mechanics which describes the motion of
points, bodies (objects) and systems of bodies (groups of objects)
without consideration of the causes of motion. The study of kinematics is often referred to as the geometry of motion. To describe motion, kinematics studies the trajectories of points, lines and other geometric objects and their differential properties such as velocity and acceleration.
Mechanics and its branches are divided into separate fields according to the matter involved. For example, celestial mechanics is concerned with astronomical bodies. Fluid mechanics is the mechanics of gases and liquids. The term hydromechanics, narrowly speaking, is used to refer to the branch of fluid mechanics concerned with liquids; more generally, however, hydromechanics also includes gases in situations where they behave like liquids.
The term classical mechanics refers to the mechanics established by Sir Isaac Newton in the late 17th century. Quantum mechanics refers to the mechanics based on the quantum theory, as developed by Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and others in the 20th century.
The basic laws of classical mechanics were stated by Newton. They are:
- A body at rest remains at rest, and a body in motion continues to move in a straight line at a uniform velocity (speed), unless it is acted upon by some external force. (The principle stated by this law is called inertia.)
- Change in the motion of a body is in proportion to, and in the direction of, the force causing the change.
- The action of every force is accompanied by an equal action (called a reaction) in the opposite direction.
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